The Cranial Nerves

Thursday, November 25, 2010

Cranial Nerves

The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that can be seen on the ventral (bottom) surface of the brain. Some of these nerves bring information from the sense organs to the brain; other cranial nerves control muscles; other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs.

Cranial Nerves
NumberNameFunctionLocation
IOlfactory NerveSmell
IIOptic NerveVision
IIIOculomotor NerveEye movement; pupil constriction
IVTrochlear NerveEye movement
VTrigeminal NerveSomatosensory information (touch, pain) from the face and head; muscles for chewing.
VIAbducens NerveEye movement
VIIFacial NerveTaste (anterior 2/3 of tongue); somatosensory information from ear; controls muscles used in facial expression.
VIIIVestibulocochlear NerveHearing; balance
IXGlossopharyngeal NerveTaste (posterior 1/3 of tongue); Somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some muscles used in swallowing.
XVagus NerveSensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera (glands, digestion, heart rate)
XISpinal Accessory NerveControls muscles used in head movement.
XIIHypoglossal NerveControls muscles of tongue
Note: the olfactory "nerve" is composed of the rootlets of olfactory hair cells in the nasal mucosa and is not visible on the ventral surface of the brain. The rootlets end in the olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract contains nerve fibers projecting out of the olfactory bulb to the brain.
The images in this table have been adapted from those in the Slice of Life project.


Hear IT!
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear
Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
Can't remember the names of the cranial nerves? Here is a handy-dandy mnemonic for you: On Old Olympus Towering Top A Famous Vocal German Viewed Some Hops.
The bold letters stand for:
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal.
Still can't remember the cranial nerves? Perhaps you need some Cranial Nerve Bookmarks to help you study! After you print the bookmarks, cut them into three individual bookmarks and use them to mark your place when you study.

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